Risky or Not?

A short podcast about everyday risks from germs

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ChatGPT image description: A square close-up shows an opened metal can of caramel sauce left on a kitchen countertop. Thick amber caramel overflows the rim, dripping down the sides and pooling on the surface below. A spoon coated in caramel rests nearby, emphasizing the sticky, glossy texture.

868. Homemade Caramel Sauce Left Out Over Night

December 26, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from leaving homemade caramel sauce out over night.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • David Mitchell (comedian) - Wikipedia
  • Great White North - YouTube
  • Mayor Clint Eastwood | Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
  • Sweetened Condensed Milk Caramel Recipe
  • Shelf stable caramel sauce : r/foodscience
  • Water activity and its relevance
  • Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song) - YouTube
December 26, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Caramel, Time temperature control for safety food

ChatGPT image description: A worried epidemiologist in a white lab coat examines filthy, crusted buffet tongs beside a plate of food. Set in a restaurant buffet with warm lighting, his furrowed brow and uneasy expression highlight concern over contamination and poor sanitation.

867. Using Tongs

December 24, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from using tongs to pick up food.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Post by @bharrap.bsky.social โ€” Bluesky
December 24, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Tongs, Cross-contamination

ChatGPT image description: A whole raw chicken sits submerged in a blue cooler filled with water, while an aquarium pump shoots a spray upward. Several bright orange goldfish swim around the chicken. The scene is surreal, mixing food storage with aquarium elements in an oddly calm, brightly lit setup.

866. Thawing Chicken With an Aquarium Pump

December 22, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using an aquarium pump to circulate the water to aid in thawing a chicken in a cooler of water.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Alton Brown Aquarium Pump thawing Instagram
  • 86. Thawing Poultry at Room Temperature โ€” Risky or Not?
  • Quick food thawing with running water versus a recirculating faucet: Comparison of time to thaw and use of water and energy - ScienceDirect
December 22, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Thawing, Cross-contamination

ChatGPT image description: A slim-probe digital food thermometer is held under a running faucet, its metal tip directly in the water stream. The display reads 84ยฐF. Water splashes around the stainless-steel sink, creating droplets and motion. The close-up composition emphasizes cleaning the temperature probe after use.

865. Cleaning a Food Thermometer With Just Water

December 19, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of cleaning a food thermometer with just water.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Cleaning and Other Control and Validation Strategies To Prevent Allergen Cross-Contact in Food-Processing Operations - ScienceDirect
  • Evaluation of the potential for electronic thermometers to contribute to spread of healthcare-associated pathogens - ScienceDirect
December 19, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Cross-contamination, Water, Thermometer

ChatGPT image description: A person fills a water bottle at a grimy sink in a graffiti-covered Brooklyn music club bathroom. Rust, stains, and dim lighting emphasize the rundown setting while the bottle catches a small stream from the old faucet. The scene feels gritty, unsanitary, and characteristic of a dive-venue restroom.

864. Tap Water From a Sketchy Bathroom Sink

December 17, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking tapwater from a bathroom sink where the bathroom smells like a bathroom.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Arc - Robot or Not? #310 - The Incomparable
  • Water Quality : r/Brooklyn
  • The toilet at NYC club CBGB - by Chris Stein : r/UtterlyUniquePhotos
  • CBGB - Wikipedia
  • Cat's Cradle | Live Music and Concerts | Carrboro, NC
December 17, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Water, Bathroom

ChatGPT image description: A small blue-and-white pill hovers above an empty bathroom sink, caught mid-bounce. The smooth white basin and metal drain create a clean, simple backdrop, while the faucet and tiled wall add muted detail. The scene feels quiet and precise, focused on the moment before the pill falls again.

863. Taking a Pill Dropped in the Bathroom Sink

December 15, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from taking a pill dropped in the bathroom sink for less than five seconds.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - Mayo Clinic
  • Rutgers Researchers Debunk โ€˜Five-Second Ruleโ€™: Eating Food off the Floor Isnโ€™t Safe | Rutgers University
  • SINKSHROOM Ultra Revolutionary Bathroom Sink Dog, Cat & Small Pet Drain Protector, Stainless Steel - Chewy.com
  • SinkShroom Chrome Stainless Steel Drain Protector Mfr# SSULTR321 - Ace Hardware
  • Some realtors no longer using "master" to describe bedrooms and bathrooms - CBS News
  • Bathroom sink pop-up drain with overflow (Large Top) - Lulani
December 15, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Sink, Cross-contamination

ChatGPT image description: A cheerful hippie in a tie-dye shirt and headband steps out of a used clothing store, carrying a huge bundle of secondhand clothes. He smiles behind round sunglasses as he walks past the brick storefront, overflowing garments in his arms suggesting a successful thrift haul.

862. Wearing "New" Clothes Without Washing

December 12, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of wearing "new" (to you) clothes without washing first.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Robot or Not? - a podcast from The Incomparable
  • Ep. 604: "Unintentional Curator" - Roderick on the Line - Merlin Mann
  • Potential Skin Pathogens on Second Hand Clothes and the Effectiveness of Disinfection Methods - Semantic Scholar
  • "Public Health Implications of Retailer Resale of Returned Textile Clot" by Antonette M. A. Francis-Shearer
  • Contaminated clothing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers is a potential source of transmission - ScienceDirect
  • Second-Hand Clothe, a New Threat for Acquiring Parasitic Infection - PMC
December 12, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Clothing, Cross-contamination, Washing

ChatGPT image description: A stern restaurant inspector checks a prime rib roasting overnight, holding a thermometer showing under 120ยฐF. The chef sleeps beside the oven, oblivious. The scene contrasts the inspectorโ€™s alarm with the chefโ€™s exhaustion, highlighting unsafe cooking conditions and a tense, dimly lit kitchen atmosphere. Don's comment: I think this guy looks a little bit like Pete Snyder. Also very weird thermometer.

861. Russel's 120 ยฐF Prime Rib

December 10, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from Russel's 120 ยฐF prime rib recipe, which is a follow up to episode 854, Chef John's Perfect Prime Rib.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

  • 854. Chef John's Perfect Prime Rib โ€” Risky or Not?
  • Conference for Food Protection, Inc - Issues
  • 2025-III-33 Raw Animal Foods Come-Up-Time (CUT)
  • Conference for Food Protection, Inc - Biennial Meeting Materials
  • 2025 Council III Issues Packet sent to Assembly of Delegates.pdf - Google Drive
  • Conference for Food Protection, Inc - Guides
  • CFP Guidance Documents for Safe Handling and Cooking of Roaster Pigs 10-25-21.
  • Microbiological Safety of Commercial Prime Rib Preparation Methods: Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella in Mechanically Tenderized Rib Eye - ScienceDirect
December 10, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Cooking, Prime rib, Long come up times

ChatGPT image description: A pregnant woman grimaces while attempting to drink from a large jug labeled โ€œUnpasteurized Apple Cider Vinegar.โ€ Her eyes are squeezed shut and her mouth puckers from the sour taste. She holds the container hesitantly, standing against a plain background in a mauve maternity shirt, clearly regretting the sip.

860. Unpasteurized Apple Cider Vinegar for Pregnant or Immunocompromised People

December 08, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of unpasteurized apple cider vinegar for pregnant or immunocompromised people.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • The Different Types of Apple Cider Vinegar | OSU Apple Cider Vinegar
  • Apple Cider Vinegar in Pregnancy: Safety, Benefits, and Uses
  • Determination of 5-log reduction times for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, or Listeria monocytogenes in acidified foods with pH 3.5 or 3.8
December 08, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Unpasteurized apple cider vinegar, Vinegar, Immunocompromised, Pregnant

Image description: Image from the actual video

859. Medium Rare Duck Breast and HPAI

December 05, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of contracting high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) from medium rare duck breast.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Food Safety Talk 251: Too Many Brooms โ€” Food Safety Talk
  • Instagram Duck Breast Video
  • Thermal Inactivation of H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Naturally Infected Chicken Meat - ScienceDirect
  • Rapid risk assessment to address emerging concerns of HPAI in raw and pasteurized milk | PLOS One
  • Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture
  • Avian Influenza | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
  • USDA Questions and Answers: Food Safety and Avian Influenza - April 2015
December 05, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Duck, Poultry, High pathogenicity avian influenza, Cooking

ChatGPT image description: A black crockpot sits unplugged on a countertop, its white power cord coiled beside it. Inside, several chicken breasts rest in chunky red salsa. The scene looks still and slightly concerning, suggesting the food has been left at room temperature all day without cooking. Don's comment: Interesting plug design. Might not have helped to plug this one in.

858. Crockpot Chicken at Room Temperature "All Day"

December 03, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of holding raw chicken at room temperature "all day" before cooking.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

  • Staphylococcosis in Poultry - Poultry - Merck Veterinary Manual
  • Evaluation of the Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Chicken Fillets and Its Bio-Control Using Different Seaweed Extracts - PMC
December 03, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Time temperature control for safety food, Chicken, Delayed cooking, Crockpot

Image description: the actual turkey noodle soup in question.

857. Water Bathed Canned Turkey Noodle Soup

December 01, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of turkey noodle soup that's been boiling water bath canning for 2 hours.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

  • Canning - National Center for Home Food Preservation
  • Ballยฎ Blue Book Guide to Preserving 38th Edition, Recipe Book | Ball
  • Iowa State Factsheet, Botulism
  • Heat-Resistance Studies on Spores of Putrefactive Anaerobes in Relation to Determination of Safe Processes for Canned Foods, 1938.
  • In Memoriam Terence Roberts (4 October 2024) โ€“ ICMSF | International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods
December 01, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Home canning, Clostridium botulinum, Low acid canned food

ChatGPT image description: A bright comic-style can of baby formula features thick outlines and bold lettering. The label warns โ€œCONTAINS Clostridium botulinum spores โ€” DO NOT FEED TO BABIES (CARTOON!).โ€ The vivid colors and playful typography make it obvious that itโ€™s a humorous, fictional message rather than a real product. ๐Ÿผ๐ŸŽจ

856. Feeding Sealed Byheart Baby Formula to a Baby

November 28, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of feeding recalled sealed Byheart baby formula to a baby.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

  • ByHeart recalls organic baby formula amid infant botulism outbreak | AP News
  • Infant Botulism Outbreak Linked to Infant Formula, November 2025 | Botulism | CDC
  • Seven-Year Case-Control Study in California of Risk Factors for Infant Botulism - ScienceDirect
  • Elevated incidence of infant botulism in a 17-county area of the Mid-Atlantic region in the United States, 2000โ€“2019, including association with soil types | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
  • Tyndallization - Wikipedia
  • Outbreak Investigation of Infant Botulism: Infant Formula (November 2025) | FDA
November 28, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Baby formula, Recall, Infant botulism

ChatGPT image description: A whole roast turkey sits on a platter garnished with parsley and cranberries. Its skin is golden and crisp. A round metal probe thermometer is inserted into the thickest part of the breast, showing a reading of 155ยฐF, highlighting that itโ€™s been pulled from the oven before final resting.

Don: I will always find ChatGPT's wacky attempts to draw thermometers to be funny.

855. Cooking Raw Turkey to 155 ยฐF

November 26, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of cooking raw turkey to only 155 ยฐF

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Alton Brown Cooks Food | Episode 1: The Big Bird - YouTube
  • Archive: National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (NACMCF) | Food Safety and Inspection Service
  • Does Anybody Remember Laughter? - YouTube
  • FSIS Cooking Guideline for Meat and Poultry Products (Revised Appendix A) December, 2021
  • Response to the questions posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service regarding consumer guidelines for the safe cooking of poultry products - PubMed
  • Response to the Questions Posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service Regarding Consumer Guidelines for the Safe Cooking of Poultry Products - ScienceDirect
  • thanksgiving - Risky or Not?
  • Why Does Turkey Make You Sleepy? It Actually Doesnโ€™t
November 26, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Poultry, Cooking

Chef John declares that it's OK for him to touch his own meat.

854. Chef John's Perfect Prime Rib

November 24, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of making rare roast beef.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Chef John's Perfect Prime Rib Recipe
  • John Mitzewich - Allrecipes
  • Supplemental Questions and Answers on Descriptive Designation for Needle-Or Blade - Tenderized (Mechanically Tenderized) Beef Products
  • USDA Finalizes Rule to Require Labeling of Mechanically Tenderized Beef Products | Food Safety and Inspection Service
  • FSIS Cooking Guideline for Meat and Poultry Products (Revised Appendix A) December, 2021
  • Dr. Hook - Wikipedia
  • Dr. John - Wikipedia
  • John Mitzewich - Wikipedia
  • Predictive Model for Growth of Staphylococcus aureus on Raw Pork, Ham, and Sausage - ScienceDirect
  • Mr. Mom: "220, 221... Whatever it takes..." - YouTube
  • APPENDIX 4: Bacterial Pathogen Growth and Inactivation
November 24, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Prime rib, Rare, Cooking

ChatGPT image description: A stern Swiss Guard in a traditional striped uniform carefully cleans his teeth with the toothpick from a Swiss Army knife. Painted in a classical oil style, he focuses intently, unaware of how absurdly mundane the task looks beside his ceremonial halberd and dignified Renaissance attire.

853. Using a Swiss Army Knife Toothpick

November 21, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from using a swiss army knife toothpick.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Victorinox Swiss Army Pioneer Alox Pocket Knife | REEDS Jewelers
  • Victorinox Swiss Army Spartan Knife in Red | REEDS Jewelers
  • Swiss Army knife - Wikipedia
  • Mammoth Tooth Swiss Army Knife
  • How to Clean the Swiss Army Knife Toothpick (EN). - YouTube
  • Gerber Stainless Steel Folding Razor Knife Model 8970622A LOT OF 3 | eBay
  • 847. Using a "Found" Pocket Mouth Guard โ€” Risky or Not?
  • DJ Jazzy Jeff & Fresh Prince - Yo Home To Bel Air (The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Theme Song) - YouTube
November 21, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Swiss army knife, Toothpick, Cross-contamination

ChatGPT image description: A rustic Italian kitchen scene shows a weathered butcherโ€™s hand carving a thin slice from a leg of prosciutto. Warm, golden light highlights the marbled meat against dark shadows. The heavy knife glides smoothly beneath the cured flesh, capturing the timeless craft of traditional charcuterie.

852. Prosciutto Di Parma at Room Temperature for Months

November 19, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating hand sliced Prosciutto ham stored at room temperature for months.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Prosciutto - Wikipedia
  • Prosciutto Di Parma Specifications
  • Influence of Water Activity on Growth and Enterotoxin Formation by Staphylococcus aureus in Foods - Troller- 1975 - Journal of Food Science - Wiley Online Library
  • Modeling the Effect of Water Activity, pH, and Temperature on the Probability of Enterotoxin A Production by Staphylococcus aureus - ScienceDirect
  • Combined Effect of Water Activity, pH and Subโ€optimal Temperature on Growth and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus - Notermans - 1983 - Journal of Food Science - Wiley Online Library
  • Staphylococcus aureus survival, staphylococcal enterotoxin production and shelf stability of country-cured hams manufactured under different processing procedures - ScienceDirect
  • Imported food risk statement - Uncooked slow dry cured ready-to-eat ham and staphylococcal enterotoxin
  • Validation of Dry Cured Ham Process for Control of Pathogens - Reynolds - 2001 - Journal of Food Science - Wiley Online Library
  • 13th ICPMF
  • The Cure - Pictures Of You - YouTube
  • Ben Folds Five - Battle Of Who Could Care Less (Official Video) - YouTube
  • Ben Folds Five - Wikipedia
November 19, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Ham, Prosciutto, Nitrite, Water activity

ChatGPT image description: A bulging red carton of ruby red grapefruit juice sits upright, its surface stretched and glossy. Foam and fizzy liquid spill from the crooked white cap and pool at the base. Colorful fruit graphics contrast with the messy leakage, hinting at fermentation inside the swollen container.

851. Eric's Fizzy Grapefuit Juice

November 17, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of consuming in date but fizzy grapefruit juice from a mechanically stressed container.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • There's No Crying in Baseball - A League of Their Own (5/8) Movie CLIP (1992) HD - YouTube
  • It's Not My Fault But It Is My Problem | Psychology Today
  • Are the Twins From the Netflix Documentary Experiment Still Vegan? - Netflix Tudum
  • Charlie Kalish | LinkedIn
  • Ruby Red Grapefruit Juice | Florida's Natural
  • Fruit Juice Spoilage by Alicyclobacillus: Detection and Control Methodsโ€”A Comprehensive Review
  • Alicyclobacillus - Wikipedia
  • Find Salvage Grocers and Buy Salvage Food in North Carolina
  • Prevalence, concentration, spoilage, and mitigation of Alicyclobacillus spp. in tropical and subtropical fruit juice concentrates - ScienceDirect
  • Bacterial Spoilage of Citrus Products at pH Lower than 3.5 - ScienceDirect
  • The pH of beverages available to the American consumer - PMC
  • Fruits are vehicles of drug-resistant pathogenic Candida tropicalis - PubMed
November 17, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Grapefruit, Yeast, Lactobacillus, Alicyclobacillus

ChatGPT image description: An open dishwasher reveals a foil-wrapped portion of lasagna sitting awkwardly on the top rack. Its noodles and cheese appear soggy, as if washed instead of baked. Clean utensils sit neatly below, contrasting with the misplaced meal that looks confused about its life choices and current location.

850. Dishwasher Lasagna

November 14, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating dishwasher lasagna (aka lasagna alla lavastoviglie).

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • 753. Re-Heating Leftovers Indefinitely and the Lasagna of Theseus โ€” Risky or Not?
  • 195. Dishwasher Salmon โ€” Risky or Not?
  • How To Make Lasagna Without An Oven, with Peter Sagal : How To Do Everything : NPR
  • Transcript for How To Make Lasagna Without An Oven, with Peter Sagal : How To Do Everything : NPR
  • Reduction of Salmonella enterica and Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Pasta by Using Common Cooking Methods
  • Microbiological Quality of Raw Dried Pasta from the German Market, with Special Emphasis on Cronobacter Species - Akineden - 2015 - Journal of Food Science - Wiley Online Library
November 14, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Lasagna, Dishwasher

ChatGPT image description: A nervous person at their desk, clutching a tiny chewing-gum box like it contains the secrets of the universe, while Reddit menaces them from the laptop screen.

Don: this seems like the same worried guy we've seen beforeโ€ฆ

849. Eating a Hollywood Chewing-Gum Cardboard Box

November 12, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating a cardboard box from Hollywood chewing-gum.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

  • Is it safe to eat cardboard? : r/stupidquestions
  • Hollywood 2fresh (FreshenUp) Chewing Gum - Peppermint | EVN
  • Green Mint Chewing-Gum Hollywood | Buy Online | My French Grocery
  • Full article: Food contact materials: an effect-based evaluation of the presence of hazardous chemicals in paper and cardboard packaging
  • Pica: A Common Condition that is Commonly Missed - An Update Review | Bentham Science Publishers
  • Pica practices, anemia, and oral health outcomes: a systematic review | BMC Oral Health
November 12, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Pica, Cardboard, Packaging, Toxicology
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